The Battle of Adwa, fought on March 1, 1896, was a significant event in Ethiopian history, marking a decisive victory for Ethiopian forces over the Italian army. This battle was part of the First Italo-Ethiopian War and took place near the town of Adwa in Tigray Province.

Background: The conflict originated from the Treaty of Wuchale, signed in 1889, which had conflicting interpretations in its Italian and Amharic versions. The Italians claimed Ethiopia as a protectorate, while Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia understood the treaty to allow for voluntary use of Italian good offices in foreign relations.

The Battle: Ethiopian forces, led by Emperor Menelik II, along with prominent commanders like Taytu Betul, Ras Makonnen, and Mikael of Wollo, amassed an army of between 73,000 to 100,000 men. The Italian forces, commanded by General Oreste Baratieri, were significantly outnumbered with 14,519 to 17,770 troops.

The battle resulted in a crushing defeat for the Italian forces, with Ethiopian troops displaying remarkable military strategy and valor. The victory at Adwa became a symbol of African resistance against colonialism and secured Ethiopian sovereignty for decades to come.

Significance: The Battle of Adwa is celebrated for being a rare instance where an African army defeated a European power during the colonial era, challenging the prevailing narrative of European military superiority. It also became a symbol of pan-Africanism and inspired other nations and people in their struggles for independence.

The victory at Adwa is commemorated every year and remains a source of national pride for Ethiopians, representing their rich history of resilience and independence.